The objectives of�IJAMS�are to promote�applied�management sciences and stimulate discussions, deliberations and debates on different management science strategies, principles, models, methodologies, techniques, applications in the field of business, commerce, industry, and government. Two main management science schools of thought, in terms of "hard" decision models and "soft" ones, can intersect, interchange, and integrate their ideas. Managers should be able to absorb, understand, disseminate, apply, and enjoy management sciences in the real world.