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Reinforced Concrete Design of Tall Buildings
Description
This concept is an impressive term that we use to describe the intrinsic essentials ofdesign. The concept encompasses reasons for our choice of design loads, analytical Techniques, design procedures,preference for particular structural systems, and of course, our desire for economic optimizationof the structure. To assist engineers in tackling the design challenge, this introductory is devoted to developing a “feeling” for behavior of structural systems.It is this “feeling” for the nature of loads and their effect on structural systems that paves the wayfor our understanding of structural behavior and allows the designer to match structural systems to specifi c types of loading. For example, designers of tall buildings. When subjected to seismic ground motions, the frame sways back and forth resulting in fl exuraland shear cracks in the beam. These cracks close and open alternately due to load reversal andfollowing several cycles of loading, the beam will resemble as Figure . As a result of the back and forth lateral defl ections, the two ends of the beam are divided into a series of blocks of concrete held together by the reinforced cage. As stated previously, the process by which free vibration steadily diminishes in amplitude is called damping. In damping, the energy of the vibrating system is dissipated by various mechanisms, and often more than one mechanism may be present at the same time. In simple laboratory models,most of the energy dissipation arises from the thermal effect of the repeated elastic straining of thematerial and from the internal friction. In actual structures, however, many other mechanisms alsocontribute to the energy dissipation. In a vibrating concrete building, these include the opening andclosing of microcracks in concrete, friction between the structure itself and nonstructural elementssuch as partition walls. Invariably, it is impossible to identify or describe mathematically .
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